A SCADA System usually consists of the following subsystems:
* A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus which presents process data to a human operator, and through this, the human operator monitors and controls the process.
* A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring) data on the process and sending commands (control) to the process.
* Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) connecting to sensors in the process, converting sensor signals to digital data and sending digital data to the supervisory system.
* Programmable Logic Controller (PLCs) used as field devices because they are more economical, versatile, flexible, and configurable than special-purpose RTUs.
* Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory system to the Remote Terminal Units.
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